OII 2014 1° Livello

Un’automobile che a un certo istante viaggia alla velocità di 58 km/h accelera fino a una velocità di 72 km/h in 1.9 s.

Quanto vale l’accelerazione media dell’automobile?

• A. $0.11{\text{m s}}^{-2}$
• B. $0.22{\text{m s}}^{-2}$
• C. $2.0{\text{m s}}^{-2}$
• D. $4.9{\text{m s}}^{-2}$
• E. $9.8{\text{m s}}^{-2}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3 Risposta: C · Soluzioni (PDF)

A car travelling at a certain moment at a speed of 58 km/h accelerates to a speed of 72 km/h in 1.9 seconds.

How much is the average car’s acceleration?

• A. $0.11{\text{m s}}^{-2}$
• B. $0.22{\text{m s}}^{-2}$
• C. $2.0{\text{m s}}^{-2}$
• D. $4.9{\text{m s}}^{-2}$
• E. $9.8{\text{m s}}^{-2}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

Si considerino i seguenti cicli termodinamici rappresentati in un piano $V$-$p$.

In quale ciclo è maggiore la quantità di calore scambiato dalla sostanza termodinamica con l’ambiente?

V-p diagrams of thermodynamic cycles

Topic: Thermodynamics Metodi: Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: Gas Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

The following thermodynamic cycles represented in a plane $V$-$p$ shall be considered.

In which cycle is the amount of heat exchanged by the thermodynamic substance with the environment greater?

The following table shows the results of the calculations:

Topic: Thermodynamics Metodi: Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: Gas Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Un fascio di luce bianca (b in figura) incide su un prisma di vetro posto in aria e ne emerge disperso nei vari colori dal rosso (r) al violetto (v), indicati in figura.

Quale delle seguenti figure rappresenta meglio un possibile percorso della luce attraverso il prisma?

Light path through dispersing prism

Topic: Geometric Optics Metodi: Snell’s Law, Ray Tracing Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: Prism Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3 Risposta: A · Soluzioni (PDF)

A beam of white light (b in figure) hits a glass prism in the air and emerges scattered in the various colors from red (r) to violet (v) shown in figure.

Which of the following figures best represents a possible path of light through the prism?

Light path through dispersing prism

Topic: Geometric Optics Metodi: Snell’s Law, Ray Tracing Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: Prism Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Viene applicata una differenza di potenziale tra le piastre di un condensatore piano, distanti 0.10 m; una particella di carica $+2.0\mu \text{C}$, inizialmente ferma, viene lasciata libera di muoversi partendo dalla piastra positiva, come mostrato in figura. Si supponga non vengano esercitate altre forze sulla particella ad esclusione di quella elettrostatica.

Quanto vale l’energia cinetica della carica immediatamente prima che urti la piastra negativa del condensatore?

• A. $4.0\times 10^{-10}\text{J}$
• B. $2.0\times 10^{-7}\text{J}$
• C. $5.0\times 10^{-3}\text{J}$
• D. $1.0\times 10^{-2}\text{J}$
• E. $5.0\times 10^{-1}\text{J}$

Positive charge between capacitor plates

Topic: Electrostatics Metodi: Electric Potential Method, Energy Conservation Method Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Capacitor, Point Charge Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

A potential difference is applied between the plates of a flat capacitor, 0.10 m apart; a charge particle $+2.0\mu \text{C}$, initially stationary, is left free to move from the positive plate, as shown in Figure 1. Suppose no other forces are applied to the particle except the electrostatic one.

What’s the kinetic energy of the charge right before you hit the negative plate of the capacitor?

• A. $4.0\times 10^{-10}\text{J}$
• B. $2.0\times 10^{-7}\text{J}$
• C. $5.0\times 10^{-3}\text{J}$
• D. $1.0\times 10^{-2}\text{J}$
• E. $5.0\times 10^{-1}\text{J}$

The following table shows the results of the tests:

Topic: Electrostatics Metodi: Electric Potential Method, Energy Conservation Method Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Capacitor, Point Charge Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Il grafico a fianco mostra l’allungamento rispetto alla posizione di equilibrio per due molle A e B in funzione della forza applicata.

Il rapporto fra la costante elastica della molla B e quella della molla A vale

• A. $4/9$
• B. $2/3$
• C. $1$
• D. $3/2$
• E. $9/4$

Extension vs force graph for springs A and B

Topic: Oscillations & Waves, Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Hooke’s Law Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: Spring Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

The side chart shows the elongation relative to the equilibrium position for two springs A and B according to the force applied.

The ratio of the elastic constant of spring B to spring A is

• A. $4/9$
• B. $2/3$
• C. $1$
• D. $3/2$
• E. $9/4$

Extension vs force graph for springs A and B

Topic: Oscillations & Waves, Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Hooke’s Law Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: Spring Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Un blocco di massa 3 kg è attaccato mediante un filo ad un altro blocco di massa 5 kg a cui è applicata una forza $F$. I due blocchi si muovono su un piano orizzontale con un’accelerazione di $1.8{\text{m s}}^{-2}$.

Qual è il modulo della risultante $R$ di tutte le forze agenti sul blocco da 5 kg?

• A. $3.6\text{N}$
• B. $9.0\text{N}$
• C. $14.4\text{N}$
• D. $18.8\text{N}$
• E. $49.5\text{N}$

Two blocks connected by string on horizontal plane

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Free-Body Diagram, Kinematic Equations Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Block, String Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 Risposta: B · Soluzioni (PDF)

A block of mass 3 kg shall be attached by a wire to another block of mass 5 kg to which a force $F$ is applied. The two blocks move horizontally with an acceleration of $1.8{\text{m s}}^{-2}$.

What is the formula for the $R$ result of all the force acting on the 5 kg block?

• A. $3.6\text{N}$
• B. $9.0\text{N}$
• C. $14.4\text{N}$
• D. $18.8\text{N}$
• E. $49.5\text{N}$

Two blocks connected by string on horizontal plane

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Free-Body Diagram, Kinematic Equations Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Block, String Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Facendo incidere normalmente un fascio di luce monocromatica su una fenditura stretta, si osserva, su uno schermo al di là della fenditura, una figura (detta di diffrazione) costituita da massimi e minimi, cioè una riga luminosa al centro, affiancata, sui due lati, da righe chiare e scure alternate.

Se si raddoppia la lunghezza d’onda della radiazione incidente, $\lambda$, e contemporaneamente si dimezza la larghezza fenditura, $a$, tutta la figura…

• A. …diventa quattro volte più stretta.
• B. …diventa due volte più stretta.
• C. …rimane inalterata.
• D. …diventa due volte più larga.
• E. …diventa quattro volte più larga. Topic: Wave Optics Metodi: Interference & Diffraction Analysis Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Slit, Screen Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 Risposta: E · Soluzioni (PDF)

By making a monochrome beam of light normally incide on a narrow slit, a figure (diffraction beam) consisting of maximum and minimum, i.e. a bright line in the center, flanked on both sides, by alternating clear and dark lines, is observed on a screen beyond the slit.

If you double the wavelength of the incident radiation, $\lambda$, and simultaneously halve the cleft width, $a$, the whole figure…

• **A ** … becomes four times narrower.
• **B ** … becomes twice as narrow.
• **C ** … remains unchanged.
• **D ** … becomes twice as wide.
• **E ** … becomes four times wider. Topic: Wave Optics Metodi: Interference & Diffraction Analysis Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Slit, Screen Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

L’angolo di 1 secondo d’arco (1”) è molto difficile da immaginare. Allontanando una moneta da 1 Euro la sua dimensione “apparente”, cioè l’angolo $\alpha$ sotto cui si vede la moneta dal punto O (occhio dell’osservatore), diminuisce.

A quale, tra queste distanze, va posta la moneta se si vuole che tale angolo $\alpha$ sia approssimativamente di un secondo d’arco?

• A. $50\text{cm}$
• B. $5\text{m}$
• C. $50\text{m}$
• D. $500\text{m}$
• E. $5\text{km}$

Coin viewed from eye at distance, angle alpha

Topic: Order-of-Magnitude Estimation, Geometric Optics Metodi: Order-of-Magnitude Estimation, Small-Angle Approximation Competenze: Estimation & Approximation Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 Risposta: E · Soluzioni (PDF)

The angle of 1 second of arc (1”) is very difficult to imagine. By removing a 1 Euro coin its “apparent” size, i.e. the angle $\alpha$ below which the coin is seen from the O point (the observer’s eye), decreases.

Which of these distances should the coin be placed if the angle $\alpha$ is to be approximately one second in arc?

• A. $50\text{cm}$
• B. $5\text{m}$
• C. $50\text{m}$
• D. $500\text{m}$
• E. $5\text{km}$

Coin viewed from eye at distance, angle alpha

Topic: Order-of-Magnitude Estimation, Geometric Optics Metodi: Order-of-Magnitude Estimation, Small-Angle Approximation Competenze: Estimation & Approximation Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

La molla di un’automobilina giocattolo viene caricata spingendo l’automobilina all’indietro con una forza media di 15 N per una distanza di 0.5 m.

Trascurando l’attrito, quanta energia potenziale elastica viene immagazzinata nella molla in questo processo?

• A. $1.9\text{J}$
• B. $3.8\text{J}$
• C. $7.5\text{J}$
• D. $30\text{J}$
• E. $56\text{J}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Energy Metodi: Energy Conservation Method, Hooke’s Law Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Spring, Cart Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 Risposta: C · Soluzioni (PDF)

The spring of a toy car is loaded by pushing the car backwards with an average force of 15 N for a distance of 0.5 m.

And, by the way, how much elastic potential energy is stored in the spring in this process?

• A. $1.9\text{J}$
• B. $3.8\text{J}$
• C. $7.5\text{J}$
• D. $30\text{J}$
• E. $56\text{J}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Energy Metodi: Energy Conservation Method, Hooke’s Law Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Spring, Cart Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

Un recipiente con le pareti rigide contiene una certa quantità di un gas perfetto a $20^{\circ }\text{C}$.

Se la temperatura del gas viene portata a $70^{\circ }\text{C}$ di quanto è variata percentualmente la sua pressione?

• A. $0.71\%$
• B. $2.5\%$
• C. $15\%$
• D. $17\%$
• E. $250\%$ Topic: Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory Metodi: Ideal Gas Law Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Gas, Container Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

A container with rigid walls contains a certain amount of a perfect gas at $20^{\circ }\text{C}$.

If the gas temperature is brought to $70^{\circ }\text{C}$, how much is the pressure changed?

• A. $0.71\%$
• B. $2.5\%$
• C. $15\%$
• D. $17\%$
• E. $250\%$ Topic: Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory Metodi: Ideal Gas Law Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Gas, Container Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Uno stuntman su una moto supera con un salto un canale largo 3.2 m. Il bordo della riva su cui atterra si trova 0.5 m al di sotto di quella da cui si stacca (v. figura).

La sua velocità, al momento del distacco, vale almeno

• A. $2.0{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• B. $3.2{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• C. $5.0{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• D. $6.4{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• E. $10{\text{m s}}^{-1}$

Stuntman on motorcycle jumping across canal

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations, Free-Body Diagram Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Projectile Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 Risposta: E · Soluzioni (PDF)

A stuntman on a motorcycle jumps through a channel three feet wide. The edge of the shore on which it lands is 0.5 m below the one from which it is detached (v. The Commission has not yet adopted a proposal.

His speed, at the time of detachment, is worth at least

• A. $2.0{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• B. $3.2{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• C. $5.0{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• D. $6.4{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• E. $10{\text{m s}}^{-1}$

Stuntman on motorcycle jumping across canal

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations, Free-Body Diagram Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Projectile Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.4 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Quanto tempo impiega una lampadina da 100 W per utilizzare 10 J di energia elettrica?

• A. $0.01\text{s}$
• B. $0.1\text{s}$
• C. $1\text{s}$
• D. $10\text{s}$
• E. $1000\text{s}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Circuits Metodi: Dimensional Analysis Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 Risposta: B · Soluzioni (PDF)

How long does a 100 W light bulb take to use 10 J of electricity?

• A. $0.01\text{s}$
• B. $0.1\text{s}$
• C. $1\text{s}$
• D. $10\text{s}$
• E. $1000\text{s}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Circuits Metodi: Dimensional Analysis Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Applicando una forza orizzontale di intensità $F=12\text{N}$ a un oggetto posto su un piano orizzontale, esso non si muove a causa dell’attrito.

Qual è l’intensità della forza di attrito agente sull’oggetto?

• A. $0$
• B. Maggiore di 0 ma minore di 12 N
• C. $12\text{N}$
• D. Maggiore di 12 N
• E. Non si può calcolare perché non si conosce né il peso dell’oggetto né il coefficiente d’attrito. Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Free-Body Diagram Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Block Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 Risposta: C · Soluzioni (PDF)

When applying a horizontal force of $F=12\text{N}$ to an object placed on a horizontal plane, it does not move due to friction.

What is the intensity of the friction force on the object?

• A. $0$
• B. Greater than 0 but less than 12 N
• C. $12\text{N}$
• D. Greater than 12 N
• E. It cannot be calculated because neither the object’s weight nor the friction coefficient is known. Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Free-Body Diagram Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Block Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

La figura mostra una puleggia utilizzata per sollevare un blocco di peso 72 N per 5 m. Per questo scopo si applica una forza $F$ che compie un lavoro di 400 J. All’inizio e alla fine del sollevamento, il blocco è fermo.

Qual è il lavoro fatto dalla forza d’attrito?

• A. $0$
• B. $-40\text{J}$
• C. $-360\text{J}$
• D. $-499\text{J}$
• E. $-760\text{J}$

Pulley system lifting a block

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Energy Metodi: Energy Conservation Method, Free-Body Diagram Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Pulley, Block Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 Risposta: B · Soluzioni (PDF)

The figure shows a cleaning tool used to lift a block weighing 72 N by 5 m. For this purpose a force $F$ shall be applied, which shall perform a 400 J work. At the beginning and at the end of the lift, the block is still.

What is the work done by the friction force?

• A. $0$
• B. $-40\text{J}$
• C. $-360\text{J}$
• D. $-499\text{J}$
• E. $-760\text{J}$

The following table shows the number of units of the vehicle:

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Energy Metodi: Energy Conservation Method, Free-Body Diagram Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Pulley, Block Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Una spira circolare metallica scende verticalmente a velocità costante e attraversa una regione in cui si trova un campo magnetico orizzontale e uniforme; durante il moto l’asse della spira si mantiene parallelo al campo magnetico.

Quale dei grafici seguenti rappresenta meglio l’intensità della corrente indotta nella spira in funzione del tempo, tra l’istante in cui la spira inizia ad entrare nella regione di campo magnetico e quello in cui ne esce completamente?

Graphs of induced current vs time options

Topic: Electromagnetic Induction Metodi: Faraday’s Law of Induction, Lenz’s Law Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: Coil Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 Risposta: E · Soluzioni (PDF)

A circular metallic spiral descends vertically at a constant speed and crosses a region where a horizontal and uniform magnetic field is located; during motion the axis of the spiral remains parallel to the magnetic field.

Which of the following graphs best represents the intensity of the current induced in the spire as time passes between the moment the spire begins to enter the magnetic field region and the moment it completely exits it?

The following table shows the following:

Topic: Electromagnetic Induction Metodi: Faraday’s Law of Induction, Lenz’s Law Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: Coil Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Qual è la potenza media sviluppata da un motore quando solleva una massa di 400 kg a velocità costante per un’altezza di 10 m in 8 s? (si trascurino le perdite dovute all’attrito)

• A. $320\text{W}$
• B. $500\text{W}$
• C. $4.9\text{kW}$
• D. $9.8\text{kW}$
• E. $32\text{kW}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Energy Metodi: Energy Conservation Method Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 Risposta: C · Soluzioni (PDF)

What is the average power output of an engine when lifting a mass of 400 kg at a constant speed for a height of 10 m in 8 seconds? (the losses due to friction are ignored)

• A. $320\text{W}$
• B. $500\text{W}$
• C. $4.9\text{kW}$
• D. $9.8\text{kW}$
• E. $32\text{kW}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Energy Metodi: Energy Conservation Method Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

Qual è l’ordine di grandezza del numero di elettroni nel Sole?

• A. $10^{54}$
• B. $10^{57}$
• C. $10^{60}$
• D. $10^{63}$
• E. $10^{66}$ Topic: Order-of-Magnitude Estimation, Astrophysics Metodi: Order-of-Magnitude Estimation Competenze: Estimation & Approximation Objects: Electron, Star Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 Risposta: B · Soluzioni (PDF)

What is the order of magnitude of the number of electrons in the Sun?

• A. $10^{54}$
• B. $10^{57}$
• C. $10^{60}$
• D. $10^{63}$
• E. $10^{66}$ Topic: Order-of-Magnitude Estimation, Astrophysics Metodi: Order-of-Magnitude Estimation Competenze: Estimation & Approximation Objects: Electron, Star Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.5 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Un blocco di massa 3 kg scivola partendo da fermo dalla cima di un piano inclinato lungo 1.5 m. La sua accelerazione è $3.8{\text{m s}}^{-2}$.

Qual è la velocità del blocco alla fine del piano inclinato?

• A. $2.4{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• B. $3.4{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• C. $4.7{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• D. $5.1{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• E. Non si può calcolare perché non si conosce l’inclinazione del piano e non si sa se c’è attrito. Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Block, Inclined Plane Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.6 Risposta: B · Soluzioni (PDF)

A block weighing 3 kg slides from the top of a 1.5 m sloping floor. Its acceleration is $3.8{\text{m s}}^{-2}$.

What is the speed of the block at the end of the slope?

• A. $2.4{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• B. $3.4{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• C. $4.7{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• D. $5.1{\text{m s}}^{-1}$
• E. It cannot be calculated because the plane slope is not known and it is not known whether there is friction. Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Block, Inclined Plane Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.6 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Un oggetto pesa 100 N a livello del suolo.

Se viene portato ad un’altezza pari a due raggi terrestri sopra il livello del suolo, il suo peso diventa

• A. $0$
• B. $11\text{N}$
• C. $25\text{N}$
• D. $50\text{N}$
• E. $300\text{N}$ Topic: Gravitation, Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Newton’s Law of Gravitation Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Planet Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.6 Risposta: B · Soluzioni (PDF)

An object weighs 100 N at ground level.

If it is brought to a height of two Earth rays above the ground, its weight becomes

• A. $0$
• B. $11\text{N}$
• C. $25\text{N}$
• D. $50\text{N}$
• E. $300\text{N}$ Topic: Gravitation, Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Newton’s Law of Gravitation Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Planet Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.6 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Un’auto di 1200 kg che viaggia alla velocità di $10{\text{m s}}^{-1}$ urta un albero e si ferma bruscamente in $0.10\text{s}$.

Quanto vale l’intensità media della forza che agisce sull’auto per fermarla?

• A. $1.2\times 10^2\text{N}$
• B. $1.2\times 10^3\text{N}$
• C. $1.2\times 10^4\text{N}$
• D. $1.2\times 10^5\text{N}$
• E. $1.2\times 10^6\text{N}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Momentum Metodi: Impulse-Momentum Theorem Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.6 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

A 1200 kg car travelling at $10{\text{m s}}^{-1}$ hits a tree and stops abruptly at $0.10\text{s}$.

What is the average intensity of the force acting on the car to stop it?

• A. $1.2\times 10^2\text{N}$
• B. $1.2\times 10^3\text{N}$
• C. $1.2\times 10^4\text{N}$
• D. $1.2\times 10^5\text{N}$
• E. $1.2\times 10^6\text{N}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Momentum Metodi: Impulse-Momentum Theorem Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.6 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Nel circuito in figura la resistenza vale $R=5\Omega$ e i condensatori hanno capacità $C$ e $2C$, con $C=2\text{nF}$; la carica iniziale di entrambi i condensatori è $Q=0.8\text{nC}$, nel verso indicato.

Subito dopo la chiusura dell’interruttore, la corrente che scorre nel circuito è

• A. 120 mA, in verso orario
• B. 120 mA, in verso antiorario
• C. 40 mA, in verso orario
• D. 40 mA, in verso antiorario
• E. Nessuna delle precedenti

RC circuit with two capacitors and switch

Topic: Circuits, Electrostatics Metodi: Kirchhoff’s Laws, Equivalent Circuit Reduction Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Capacitor, Resistor, Switch Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.6 Risposta: C · Soluzioni (PDF)

In the circuit shown the resistance is $R=5\Omega$ and the capacitors have capacities $C$ and $2C$, with $C=2\text{nF}$; the initial charge of both capacitors is $Q=0.8\text{nC}$, in the direction indicated.

As soon as the switch is closed, the current flowing in the circuit is

• **A ** 120 mA, moving at a time
• B. 120 mA, heading against the clock
• **C ** 40 mA, in the direction of the clock
• ** D ** 40 mA, moving against the clock
• E. None of the above

RC circuit with two capacitors and switch

Topic: Circuits, Electrostatics Metodi: Kirchhoff’s Laws, Equivalent Circuit Reduction Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Capacitor, Resistor, Switch Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.6 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

Il diagramma a destra indica l’andamento della temperatura in funzione del calore assorbito da un oggetto di 3 kg di una sostanza pura inizialmente in fase solida. Tale sostanza riceve calore da una sorgente termica ad un tasso costante nel tempo.

Nella tabella seguente sono raccolte alcune proprietà caratteristiche di cinque sostanze.

Sapendo che la sostanza considerata è una di quelle in tabella, di quale si tratta?

Sostanza	Calore Specifico $[{\text{J kg}}^{-1}{\text{K}}^{-1}]$	Calore latente $[{\text{kJ kg}}^{-1}]$	Temperatura di fusione $[\text{K}]$
(A) Ferro	440	234	1808
(B) Mercurio	140	12	234
(C) Piombo	129	24	601
(D) Rame	385	212	1358
(E) Zinco	390	101	693

Temperature vs heat absorbed phase diagram

Topic: Thermodynamics Metodi: First Law of Thermodynamics, Experimental Data Analysis Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning, Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.6 Risposta: C · Soluzioni (PDF)

The diagram on the right shows the temperature trend in relation to the heat absorbed by an object of 3 kg of a pure substance initially in the solid phase. Such a substance receives heat from a heat source at a constant rate over time.

The following table summarises some characteristic properties of five substances.

Knowing that the substance in question is one of those in the table, what is it?

Sostanza	Calore Specifico $[{\text{J kg}}^{-1}{\text{K}}^{-1}]$	Calore latente $[{\text{kJ kg}}^{-1}]$	Temperatura di fusione $[\text{K}]$
I’m not going to be able to do this.
You know, I’m not going to say that.
This is the first time that I’ve ever seen this.
I’m not going to be able to do this.
♪ I’m not going to be able to do this ♪

Temperature vs heat absorbed phase diagram

Topic: Thermodynamics Metodi: First Law of Thermodynamics, Experimental Data Analysis Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning, Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.6 Risposta: C · Soluzioni (PDF)

Due palline, una bianca e una nera, vengono lanciate orizzontalmente: la prima da un’altezza $h$ rispetto al suolo, con velocità $v_0$, la seconda da un’altezza $4h$ con velocità $2v_0$; si trascuri la resistenza dell’aria.

Qual è il rapporto tra il tempo di caduta della pallina nera e di quella bianca?

• A. $\frac{1}{4}$
• B. $\frac{1}{2}$
• C. $1$
• D. $2$
• E. $4$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Ball, Projectile Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.7 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

Two balls, one white and one black, are thrown horizontally: the first from a height $h$ relative to the ground, with speed $v_0$, the second from a height $4h$ with speed $2v_0$; the air resistance is neglected.

What’s the relationship between the time the black ball falls and the white ball?

• A. $\frac{1}{4}$
• B. $\frac{1}{2}$
• C. $1$
• D. $2$
• E. $4$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Ball, Projectile Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.7 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Si consideri l’immagine reale formata da una lente sottile convergente al variare della posizione dell’oggetto.

Quale dei seguenti grafici rappresenta la relazione tra la dimensione trasversale $S$ dell’immagine e la sua distanza $q$ dalla lente?

Graphs of image size S vs distance q from lens

Topic: Geometric Optics Metodi: Thin Lens & Mirror Equation Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: Lens Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.7 Risposta: A · Soluzioni (PDF)

Consider the actual image formed by a thin lens that converges to the object’s changing position.

Which of the following graphs represents the relationship between the cross-sectional dimension $S$ of the image and its distance $q$ from the lens?

Graphs of image size S vs distance q from lens

Topic: Geometric Optics Metodi: Thin Lens & Mirror Equation Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: Lens Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.7 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

Il disegno a fianco mostra una studentessa alta 170 cm che lancia una palla da tennis da un terrapieno, con una velocità iniziale di modulo $v_0=12{\text{m s}}^{-1}$, inclinata di $30°$ verso l’alto. Al momento del lancio la palla sta poco sopra la testa della ragazza e al momento dell’impatto col terreno, la velocità della palla ha un modulo di $18{\text{m s}}^{-1}$.

Se la resistenza dell’aria può essere trascurata, qual è l’altezza del terrapieno?

NOTA: il disegno non intende fornire una riproduzione in scala della situazione.

• A. $1.3\text{m}$
• B. $2.5\text{m}$
• C. $4.8\text{m}$
• D. $7.5\text{m}$
• E. $9.8\text{m}$

Student throwing ball from embankment

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Energy Metodi: Kinematic Equations, Energy Conservation Method Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Ball, Projectile Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.7 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

The side drawing shows a 170 cm tall student throwing a tennis ball from a paddle, with an initial speed of $v_0=12{\text{m s}}^{-1}$, tilted upwards by $30°$. At the time of the throw the ball is just above the girl’s head and at the time of impact with the ground, the ball’s speed is $18{\text{m s}}^{-1}$.

If the air resistance can be neglected, what is the height of the landfill?

NOTE: The drawing is not intended to provide a scale reproduction of the situation.

• A. $1.3\text{m}$
• B. $2.5\text{m}$
• C. $4.8\text{m}$
• D. $7.5\text{m}$
• E. $9.8\text{m}$

Student throwing ball from embankment

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Energy Metodi: Kinematic Equations, Energy Conservation Method Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Ball, Projectile Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.7 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Due automobili, A e B, si trovano ad una distanza $d=400\text{m}$ e si avvicinano viaggiando in verso opposto lungo una strada rettilinea. I veicoli si muovono rispettivamente con una velocità di $30{\text{m s}}^{-1}$ e di $20{\text{m s}}^{-1}$.

Dopo quanto tempo i veicoli si incroceranno?

• A. $8.0\text{s}$
• B. $13.0\text{s}$
• C. $20.0\text{s}$
• D. $30.0\text{s}$
• E. $40.0\text{s}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.7 Risposta: A · Soluzioni (PDF)

Two cars, A and B, are located at a distance $d=400\text{m}$ and approach each other by travelling in opposite directions along a straight road. The vehicles shall be moved at a speed of $30{\text{m s}}^{-1}$ and $20{\text{m s}}^{-1}$ respectively.

How long before the vehicles cross?

• A. $8.0\text{s}$
• B. $13.0\text{s}$
• C. $20.0\text{s}$
• D. $30.0\text{s}$
• E. $40.0\text{s}$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.7 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

La figura mostra due forze di 4 N e 6 N che vengono applicate contemporaneamente a un corpo in punti e direzioni diverse.

In quale dei cinque casi mostrati in figura la risultante delle due forze ha la massima intensità?

Five cases of two force vectors applied to a body

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Vector Decomposition, Free-Body Diagram Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.7 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

The figure shows two forces of 4 N and 6 N being applied simultaneously to a body at different points and directions.

In which of the five cases shown in the figure the resulting two forces is the most intense?

Five cases of two force vectors applied to a body

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Vector Decomposition, Free-Body Diagram Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.7 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Il diagramma a fianco rappresenta due onde, A e B, che si propagano da sinistra a destra.

La differenza di fase tra le due onde è

• A. $0°$
• B. $45°$
• C. $90°$
• D. $120°$
• E. $180°$

Two waves A and B propagating, phase comparison

Topic: Oscillations & Waves Metodi: Wave Equation, Superposition Principle Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.8 Risposta: C · Soluzioni (PDF)

The side diagram represents two waves, A and B, propagating from left to right.

The phase difference between the two waves is

• A. $0°$
• B. $45°$
• C. $90°$
• D. $120°$
• E. $180°$

Two waves A and B propagating, phase comparison

Topic: Oscillations & Waves Metodi: Wave Equation, Superposition Principle Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.8 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

Quale dei seguenti grafici posizione–tempo può rappresentare il moto di un oggetto che si muove lungo una retta con velocità che in modulo cresce nel tempo?

Position-time graph options for accelerating object

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.8 Risposta: B · Soluzioni (PDF)

Which of the following time position graphs can represent the motion of an object moving along a straight line at a speed that increases in the mode over time?

The following table shows the results of the calculations for the position-time graph options for accelerating object:

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Kinematic Equations Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.8 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Due sfere metalliche, uguali e molto piccole rispetto alla loro distanza, sono sostenute da due supporti isolanti. Le sfere sono caricate rispettivamente con una carica di $+1.0\mu \text{C}$ e $+3.0\mu \text{C}$. Avendo cura di toccare solamente i sostegni, le due sfere vengono portate a contatto e poi riportate nella posizione di partenza.

Come effetto di questa operazione la forza elettrostatica agente tra di esse cambia dal valore iniziale 27 mN al valore

• A. $14\text{mN}$
• B. $18\text{mN}$
• C. $20\text{mN}$
• D. $36\text{mN}$
• E. $140\text{mN}$ Topic: Electrostatics Metodi: Coulomb’s Law Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Conducting Sphere Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.8 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

Two metal spheres, identical and very small in relation to their distance, are supported by two insulating supports. The spheres are loaded with a load of $+1.0\mu \text{C}$ and $+3.0\mu \text{C}$ respectively. Taking care to touch only the supports, the two spheres are brought into contact and then returned to their starting position.

As a result of this operation the electrostatic force between them changes from the initial value of 27 mN to the value of

• A. $14\text{mN}$
• B. $18\text{mN}$
• C. $20\text{mN}$
• D. $36\text{mN}$
• E. $140\text{mN}$ Topic: Electrostatics Metodi: Coulomb’s Law Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Conducting Sphere Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.8 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

In una certa regione dello spazio l’intensità del campo magnetico vale 0.1 T. Uno ione positivo, che si sta muovendo ad una velocità di $2\times 10^6{\text{m s}}^{-1}$ in direzione perpendicolare al campo magnetico, entra in questa regione e subisce l’azione di una forza di intensità $3.2\times 10^{-14}\text{N}$.

La carica elettrica dello ione vale

• A. $1.6\times 10^{-21}\text{C}$
• B. $6.4\times 10^{-21}\text{C}$
• C. $1.6\times 10^{-19}\text{C}$
• D. $6.4\times 10^{-19}\text{C}$
• E. $1.6\times 10^{-9}\text{C}$ Topic: Magnetism, Electromagnetism Metodi: Lorentz Force Analysis Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Point Charge Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.8 Risposta: C · Soluzioni (PDF)

In a certain region of space the magnetic field intensity is 0.1 T. A positive ion, moving at a speed of $2\times 10^6{\text{m s}}^{-1}$ in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, enters this region and is subjected to the action of a force of intensity $3.2\times 10^{-14}\text{N}$.

The electric charge of the ion is valid

• A. $1.6\times 10^{-21}\text{C}$
• B. $6.4\times 10^{-21}\text{C}$
• C. $1.6\times 10^{-19}\text{C}$
• D. $6.4\times 10^{-19}\text{C}$
• E. $1.6\times 10^{-9}\text{C}$ Topic: Magnetism, Electromagnetism Metodi: Lorentz Force Analysis Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Point Charge Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.8 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

Il grafico a destra mostra la relazione fra la differenza di potenziale ai capi di un conduttore metallico e la corrente che lo attraversa quando il conduttore si trova alla temperatura uniforme $T_1$.

Quale dei seguenti grafici mostra meglio la relazione fra differenza di potenziale e corrente quando lo stesso conduttore è mantenuto a temperatura uniforme $T_2>T_1$?

V-I graphs for conductor at different temperatures

Topic: Circuits Metodi: Kirchhoff’s Laws Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning, Physical Reasoning Objects: Resistor, Wire Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.8 Risposta: A · Soluzioni (PDF)

The graph on the right shows the relationship between the potential difference to the heads of a metallic conductor and the current passing through it when the conductor is at uniform temperature $T_1$.

Which of the following graphs best shows the relationship between potential and current difference when the same conductor is kept at uniform temperature $T_2>T_1$?

V-I graphs for conductor at different temperatures

Topic: Circuits Metodi: Kirchhoff’s Laws Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning, Physical Reasoning Objects: Resistor, Wire Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.8 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

Nel grafico è riportato lo spostamento in funzione del tempo di una particella di un mezzo uniforme quando questo viene attraversato da un’onda.

Qual è la frequenza dell’onda?

• A. $5\times 10^{-2}\text{Hz}$
• B. $2\times 10^{-1}\text{Hz}$
• C. $1\times 10^1\text{Hz}$
• D. $2\times 10^1\text{Hz}$
• E. $5\times 10^1\text{Hz}$

Displacement vs time graph of a wave particle

Topic: Oscillations & Waves Metodi: Wave Equation, Simple Harmonic Motion Analysis Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.9 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

The graph shows the time-switching of a particle of a uniform medium when it is traversed by a wave.

What’s the frequency of the wave?

• A. $5\times 10^{-2}\text{Hz}$
• B. $2\times 10^{-1}\text{Hz}$
• C. $1\times 10^1\text{Hz}$
• D. $2\times 10^1\text{Hz}$
• E. $5\times 10^1\text{Hz}$

The measurement of the distance between the two particles is given by the measurement of the distance between the two particles.

Topic: Oscillations & Waves Metodi: Wave Equation, Simple Harmonic Motion Analysis Competenze: Diagrammatic Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.9 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Un corpo A è appoggiato su un tavolo orizzontale privo di attrito e può ruotare, sempre senza attrito, attorno ad un suo punto fisso. Ad esso è collegato — tramite una molla ideale — un secondo corpo B, anch’esso appoggiato sullo stesso tavolo. Il corpo B è libero di ruotare (non necessariamente su un’orbita circolare) attorno ad A.

Durante il moto del corpo B si studia l’andamento delle grandezze $E$, $\vec{p}$ ed $\vec{L}$, che sono rispettivamente l’energia meccanica, la quantità di moto e il momento angolare totali del sistema dei due corpi, quest’ultimo calcolato rispetto alla posizione di A.

Si considerino le seguenti affermazioni:

1 – L’energia meccanica del sistema si conserva. 2 – La quantità di moto del sistema si conserva. 3 – Il momento angolare del sistema, calcolato rispetto alla posizione di A, si conserva.

Quali sono corrette?

• A. Nessuna delle tre.
• B. Solo la 1.
• C. Solo la 2.
• D. Solo la 1 e la 3.
• E. Tutte e tre. Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Rotational Dynamics, Conservation of Energy, Conservation of Momentum Metodi: Conservation Laws, Torque & Angular Momentum Analysis Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Spring, Block Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.9 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

A body A is resting on a frictionless horizontal table and can rotate, always without friction, around its fixed point. It is connected via an ideal spring a second body B, also resting on the same table. The body B is free to rotate (not necessarily in a circular orbit) around A.

During the motion of body B, the motion of the quantities $E$, $\vec{p}$ and $\vec{L}$ is studied, which are the mechanical energy, the amount of motion and the total angular momentum of the system of the two bodies, respectively, calculated from the position of A.

The following statements shall be considered:

1 The mechanical energy of the system is conserved. 2 The amount of motion in the system is retained. 3 The angular moment of the system, calculated from the position of A, is conserved.

Which ones are correct?

• **A ** None of the three.
• B. Only the 1.
• C. Only the 2.
• D. Only the 1 and 3.
• All three. Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Rotational Dynamics, Conservation of Energy, Conservation of Momentum Metodi: Conservation Laws, Torque & Angular Momentum Analysis Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Spring, Block Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.9 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Un motore di Carnot funziona tra le temperature $t_1=50^{\circ }\text{C}$ e $t_2=300^{\circ }\text{C}$. In ogni ciclo sviluppa 6.1 kJ di lavoro.

Quanto calore assorbe?

• A. $Q=0.44\text{kJ}$
• B. $Q=0.84\text{kJ}$
• C. $Q=7.2\text{kJ}$
• D. $Q=14\text{kJ}$
• E. $Q=99\text{kJ}$ Topic: Thermodynamics Metodi: Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis, First Law of Thermodynamics Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Heat Engine Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.9 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

A Carnot engine operates between $t_1=50^{\circ }\text{C}$ and $t_2=300^{\circ }\text{C}$ temperatures. In each cycle, it develops 6.1 kJ of work.

How much heat does it absorb?

• A. $Q=0.44\text{kJ}$
• B. $Q=0.84\text{kJ}$
• C. $Q=7.2\text{kJ}$
• D. $Q=14\text{kJ}$
• E. $Q=99\text{kJ}$ Topic: Thermodynamics Metodi: Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis, First Law of Thermodynamics Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Heat Engine Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.9 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

La superficie di un certo metallo viene investita da un fascio luminoso di frequenza opportuna $f$ ed emette elettroni. La velocità massima e l’energia cinetica massima degli elettroni emessi sono rispettivamente $v$ ed $E$.

Se la stessa superficie viene investita da un fascio luminoso della stessa frequenza, ma di intensità luminosa doppia, quali tra le seguenti affermazioni sono corrette?

1 – Viene emesso un numero doppio di elettroni al secondo. 2 – La velocità degli elettroni più veloci vale $\sqrt{2}v$. 3 – L’energia cinetica degli elettroni più veloci vale $2E$.

• A. Solo la 1.
• B. Solo la 2.
• C. Solo la 3.
• D. Solo la 1 e la 2.
• E. Tutte e tre. Topic: Modern-Quantum Physics Metodi: Photon Energy Relation Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Photon, Electron Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.9 Risposta: A · Soluzioni (PDF)

The surface of a certain metal is struck by a light beam of appropriate frequency $f$ and emits electrons. The maximum speed and the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons are $v$ and $E$ respectively.

If the same surface is struck by a beam of light of the same frequency but of double light intensity, which of the following is correct?

1 A double number of electrons is emitted per second. 2 The fastest electron speed is $\sqrt{2}v$. 3 The kinetic energy of the fastest electrons is $2E$.

• **A ** Only the 1.
• **B ** Only the 2.
• **C ** Only the 3.
• D. Only the 1 and 2.
• All three. Topic: Modern-Quantum Physics Metodi: Photon Energy Relation Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Photon, Electron Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.9 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

Due carrelli si trovano su una rotaia orizzontale con attrito trascurabile. Il primo, che ha massa $m_1$ e si muove con velocità $v_0$, urta contro il secondo, inizialmente fermo, che ha massa $m_2=9m_1$ e resta attaccato ad esso.

Qual è la velocità dei due carrelli dopo l’urto?

• A. $v_0$
• B. $\frac{9}{10}{v}_0$
• C. $\frac{8}{9}{v}_0$
• D. $\frac{1}{9}{v}_0$
• E. $\frac{1}{10}{v}_0$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Momentum Metodi: Conservation of Momentum Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Cart Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.9 Risposta: E · Soluzioni (PDF)

Two wagons are on a horizontal railway with negligible friction. The first, which has mass $m_1$ and moves at speed $v_0$, hits the second, initially stationary, which has mass $m_2=9m_1$ and remains attached to it.

What’s the speed of the two cars after the collision?

• A. $v_0$
• B. $\frac{9}{10}{v}_0$
• C. $\frac{8}{9}{v}_0$
• D. $\frac{1}{9}{v}_0$
• E. $\frac{1}{10}{v}_0$ Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Conservation of Momentum Metodi: Conservation of Momentum Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: Cart Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.9 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Un lingotto di piombo di massa $m=1\text{kg}$ viene portato alla temperatura di $80^{\circ }\text{C}$ e poi immerso in 2 L d’acqua a $20^{\circ }\text{C}$.

Se si considerano trascurabili le dispersioni di calore, la temperatura del lingotto, una volta stabilito l’equilibrio, è

• A. $21^{\circ }\text{C}$
• B. $28^{\circ }\text{C}$
• C. $40^{\circ }\text{C}$
• D. $53^{\circ }\text{C}$
• E. $64^{\circ }\text{C}$ Two speakers and interference pattern with points P and R

Topic: Thermodynamics Metodi: First Law of Thermodynamics Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.10 Risposta: A · Soluzioni (PDF)

A bulk lead bulk $m=1\text{kg}$ is brought to a temperature of $80^{\circ }\text{C}$ and then immersed in 2 L of water at $20^{\circ }\text{C}$.

If heat dissipation is considered negligible, the temperature of the bulk, once the equilibrium is established, is

• A. $21^{\circ }\text{C}$
• B. $28^{\circ }\text{C}$
• C. $40^{\circ }\text{C}$
• D. $53^{\circ }\text{C}$
• E. $64^{\circ }\text{C}$ Two speakers and interference pattern with points P and R

Topic: Thermodynamics Metodi: First Law of Thermodynamics Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.10 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment in the Member States of the European Union.

Per rinfrescare una bevanda si possono aggiungere 10 g d’acqua a $0^{\circ }\text{C}$ oppure 10 g di ghiaccio sempre a $0^{\circ }\text{C}$.

Quale tra questi due metodi consente di raffreddare di più la bevanda?

• A. Il secondo, perché il ghiaccio fonde lentamente e la bevanda resta fresca più a lungo.
• B. Il secondo, perché il ghiaccio assorbe dell’energia.
• C. Il secondo, perché il ghiaccio resta in superficie e ciò riduce il riscaldamento da parte dell’ambiente.
• D. Il secondo, perché l’acqua di fusione del ghiaccio scende sul fondo del bicchiere e assicura un raffreddamento più omogeneo.
• E. I due metodi sono equivalenti. Topic: Thermodynamics Metodi: First Law of Thermodynamics Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.10 Risposta: B · Soluzioni (PDF)

To cool a drink, 10 g of water at $0^{\circ }\text{C}$ or 10 g of ice at $0^{\circ }\text{C}$ may be added.

Which of these two methods makes the drink cooler?

The second is because the ice melts slowly and the drink stays cool longer.

• MSK1/>B The second, because ice absorbs energy.
• C. The second is because the ice remains on the surface and this reduces the warming by the environment.
• D. The second, because the melting ice water goes down to the bottom of the glass and ensures a more homogeneous cooling.
• E. The two methods are equivalent. Topic: Thermodynamics Metodi: First Law of Thermodynamics Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.10 The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.

Due altoparlanti identici $L_1$ e $L_2$ emettono un suono udibile della stessa frequenza e sono in fase tra loro. Si genera in questo modo un fenomeno di interferenza.

Nel punto P, posto alla stessa distanza da entrambi gli altoparlanti, si trova un massimo di intensità. Allontanandosi da P, si incontra per la prima volta un altro massimo nel punto R, con $L_{1}R=5.6\text{m}$ e $L_{2}R=5.3\text{m}$.

La frequenza del suono emesso dagli altoparlanti vale

• A. $8.8\times 10^{-4}\text{Hz}$
• B. $3.1\times 10^{-1}\text{Hz}$
• C. $1.0\times 10^2\text{Hz}$
• D. $1.1\times 10^3\text{Hz}$
• E. $3.7\times 10^3\text{Hz}$ Topic: Oscillations & Waves, Wave Optics Metodi: Interference & Diffraction Analysis, Superposition Principle Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.10 Risposta: D · Soluzioni (PDF)

Two identical $L_1$ and $L_2$ speakers emit audible sound of the same frequency and are in phase with each other. This creates a phenomenon of interference.

The P-point, at the same distance from both speakers, is the maximum intensity. Moving away from P, another maximum is first encountered in point R, with $L_{1}R=5.6\text{m}$ and $L_{2}R=5.3\text{m}$.

The frequency of sound emitted by the speakers is valid

• A. $8.8\times 10^{-4}\text{Hz}$
• B. $3.1\times 10^{-1}\text{Hz}$
• C. $1.0\times 10^2\text{Hz}$
• D. $1.1\times 10^3\text{Hz}$
• E. $3.7\times 10^3\text{Hz}$ Topic: Oscillations & Waves, Wave Optics Metodi: Interference & Diffraction Analysis, Superposition Principle Competenze: Physical Reasoning Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.10 The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should adopt a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment and the environment.