IPhO 2022

Problem 1 (10 points) A Round Matter Determine the following quantities and give them rounded to whole numbers. a) The ratio of the airspeed of an aircraft in still air to the wind speed in the following case: for one leg the aircraft needs 7.0 hours flying against the wind, while it covers the same distance on the return leg with the wind in 6.0 hours. b) The acceleration (in multiples of g = 9.81 ms-2) of a wet sock in a washing-machine drum with a diameter of 40 cm in the gentle spin cycle at 600 revolutions per minute. c) The smallest resistance value (in $Ω$ ) that can be achieved by combining the following resistors without short-circuiting them: one resistor each of $100Ω$ , $220Ω$ , $330Ω$ and 360 $Ω$ . d) The mass of ice (in kg) that warms from an initial -10 $^{\circ} C$ to 10 $^{\circ} C$ by the supply of a quantity of heat of 2.4 MJ. Strung together correctly and completed with the right power of ten and unit, the numbers represent the digits of a natural constant. State this natural constant together with its name.

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Circuits, Thermodynamics Metodi: Kinematic Equations, Equivalent Circuit Reduction, First Law of Thermodynamics, Order-of-Magnitude Estimation Competenze: Estimation & Approximation, Physical Reasoning, Mathematical Modeling Objects: Resistor Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.2

Problema 1 (10 punti) Una questione rotonda Determina le seguenti quantità e diale arrotondate a numeri interi. a) Il rapporto tra la velocità d’aria di un aereo in aria ferma e quella del vento nel caso seguente: Gli aerei hanno bisogno di 7.0 ore di volo contro il vento, mentre coprono la stessa distanza sul ritorno con il vento in 6.0 ore. b) L’accelerazione (in multiples di g = 9.81 ms-2) di una calzatura bagnata in un lavandino con un diametro di 40 cm in Il ciclo di spin gentile a 600 rivoluzioni al minuto. c) Il valore di resistenza più piccolo (in $Ω$ ) che può essere raggiunto combinando le seguenti resistori senza short-circuiting: un resistore di $100Ω$ , $220Ω$ , $330Ω$ e 360 $Ω$ . d) La massa di ghiaccio (in kg) che si riscaldano da un iniziale -10 $^{\circ} C$ a 10 $^{\circ} C$ per la fornitura di una quantità di calore di 2,4 MJ. Strung together correctly and completed with the right power of ten and unit, i numeri rappresentano i numeri di una costante naturale. State this costante naturale insieme al suo nome.

The following points are added: A round matter Determine the following quantities and give them rounded to whole numbers. (a) The ratio of the airspeed of an aircraft in still air to the wind speed in the following case: aircraft needs 7.0 hours flying against the wind, while it covers the same distance on the return leg with the wind in 6.0 hours. b) The acceleration (in multiples of g = 9.81 ms-2) of a wet sock in a washing machine drum with a diameter of 40 cm in The gentle spin cycle at 600 revolutions per minute. (c) The smallest resistance value (in $Ω$ ) that can be achieved by combining the following resistors without short-circuiting them: One resistor each of $100Ω$ , $220Ω$ , $330Ω$ and 360 $Ω$ . d) The mass of ice (in kg) that warms from an initial -10 $^{\circ} C$ to 10 $^{\circ} C$ by the supply of a quantity of heat of 2.4 MJ. Strung together correctly and completed with the right power of ten and unit, the numbers represent the digits of a natural constant. State this Natural constant together with its name.

Problem 2 (10 points) Tipping Iceberg Tabular icebergs have a relatively flat top and steep edges. They form by breaking off from ice shelves and can be very large. Just as with other icebergs, in a floating tabular iceberg the largest part of the ice lies not above but below the water. In the following, consider an approximately box-shaped tabular iceberg of height H, length L and width B. For the density of ice and seawater use the approximate values $\rhoEis$ = 0.9 $\cdot$ 103 kg m-3 and $\rhoWasser$ = 1.0 $\cdot$ 103 kg m-3. a) Determine what fraction of the height H of the iceberg lies below the water surface. When breaking off from an ice shelf, relatively narrow tabular icebergs can form, in which the width B is smaller than the height H. Such an iceberg can tip onto its side. b) Show that for a narrow tabular iceberg it is energetically more favourable to tip onto its side. Determine for which ratio of width to height the most energy is released by tipping over. Assume here that L

H. The released energy can lead to high waves, which can also become dangerous for ships in the vicinity. Alongside is a photo of the passenger ship Fram in front of an iceberg. The ship has a length of about 114 m. c) Estimate the energy that would be released when the iceberg tips over. To do this, simplify by assuming that the photo of the ship was taken from a great distance and that the iceberg has approximately the shape of a tabular iceberg whose length and width are equal. Calculate the mass of TNT that would have to be detonated to release the same energy. Photo of a tabular iceberg (by Andrew Shiva, CC BY-SA 4.0). Photo of a ship in front of an iceberg (by Kim Hansen, CC BY-SA 4.0). Best to hang the problems directly next to the poster!

Topic: Fluid Mechanics, Conservation of Energy, Newtonian Mechanics Metodi: Hydrostatic Equilibrium, Energy Conservation Method, Physical Modeling, Order-of-Magnitude Estimation Competenze: Estimation & Approximation, Physical Reasoning, Mathematical Modeling Objects: — Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.2

Problema 2 (10 punti) Tipping Iceberg Gli iceberg tabulari hanno una sommità relativamente piatta e bordi ripidi. - Sono formate dalla rottura da piante di ghiaccio e possono essere molto grandi. Come con altri iceberg, in un iceberg tabulare galleggiante la più grande parte del ghiaccio non è sopra, ma sotto l’acqua. In the following, considerate un iceberg tabular di altezza H, lunghezza L e larghezza B. Per la densità di uso di ghiaccio e acqua di mare i valori approssimativi $\rhoEis$ = 0,9 $\cdot$ 103 kg m-3 e $\rhoWasser$ = 1,0 $\cdot$ 103 kg m-3. a) Determina quale frazione dell’altezza H dell’iceberg si trova al di sotto del superficie acquatica. Quando si rompe da un ripiano di ghiaccio, gli iceberg tabulari possono essere relativamente stretti. forma in cui la larghezza B è inferiore alla altezza H. Cercare un iceberg può puntare sul suo lato. b) Show that for a narrow tabular iceberg it is energetically more favourable to tip

E’ il mio amico. Determine for which ratio of width to height the La maggior parte dell’energia viene rilasciata con il tipping over. Supponiamo che l

H. L’energia rilasciata può portare ad alte onde, che possono anche diventare pericolose per le navi.

In prossimità. Accanto è una foto della nave passeggeri Fram di fronte a un iceberg. La nave ha una lunghezza di circa 114 metri. c) Estimare l’energia che sarebbe rilasciata quando l’iceberg punta
Non è più così. Per fare questo, semplificare assumendo che la foto della nave è stata presa da un grande Distanza e che l’iceberg ha circa la forma di un iceberg tabular la cui lunghezza e larghezza sono uguali. Calcolo la massa di TNT che dovrebbe essere detonata per rilasciare lo stesso energia. Foto di un iceberg tabular (di Andrew Shiva, CC BY-SA 4.0). Foto di una nave di fronte ad un iceberg (di Kim Hansen, CC BY-SA 4.0). Best to hang i problemi direttamente vicino a Il poster!

Problem 2 (10 points) Tipping the iceberg Table icebergs have a relatively flat top and steep edges. They It’s a form by breaking off from ice shelves and can be very large. Just like with other icebergs, in a floating tabular iceberg the largest part of the ice lies not above but below the water. In the following, consider an approximately box-shaped tabular iceberg of height H, length L and width B. For the density of ice and seawater use The approximate values $\rhoEis$ = 0.9 $\cdot$ 103 kg m-3 and $\rhoWasser$ = 1.0 $\cdot$ 103 kg m-3. (a) Determine what fraction of the height H of the iceberg lies below the water surface. When breaking off from an ice shelf, relatively narrow tabular icebergs can form, in which the width B is smaller than the height H. Search for an iceberg Can tip onto its side. b) Show that for a narrow tabular iceberg it is energetically more favourable to tip On its side. Determine for which ratio of width to height the Most energy is released by tipping over. Assume here that L

H. The released energy can lead to high waves, which can also become dangerous for ships In the vicinity. Alongside is a photo of the passenger ship Fram in front of an iceberg. The ship has a length of about 114 m. (c) Estimate the energy that would be released when the iceberg tips

I’m not going to. To do this, simplify by assuming that the photo of the ship was taken from a great distance and that the iceberg has approximately the shape of a tabular iceberg whose length and width are equal. Calculate The mass of TNT that would have to be detonated to release the same Energy. Photo of a tabular iceberg (by Andrew Shiva, CC BY-SA 4.0) Photo of a ship in front of an iceberg (by Kim Hansen, CC BY-SA 4.0). Best to hang The problems directly next to The poster!

Problem 3 (10 points) Inclined Plane A small sled with a mass of 280 g slides down an inclined plane, as sketched below. At the bottom of the inclined plane an approximately massless spring is attached. The following diagram shows the velocity of the sled along the inclined plane as a function of time after release at the upper end of the inclined plane. The acceleration due to gravity is g = 9.81 ms-2. a) Describe the motion of the sled using the graph. Determine the accelerations of the sled while it slides on the plane. From this and from further information that can be read off the graph, important information about the system can be obtained. b) Determine, at least approximately, at least four quantities that describe the setup of the system.

Topic: Newtonian Mechanics, Oscillations & Waves Metodi: Kinematic Equations, Free-Body Diagram, Hooke’s Law, Experimental Data Analysis Competenze: Graph Linearization, Physical Reasoning, Experimental Data Analysis Objects: Inclined Plane, Spring, Block Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3

Problema 3 (10 punti) Piani inclinati Una piccola slitta con una massa di 280 g slide giù in piano inclinato, come schizzolato di seguito. Al fondo del piano inclinato è attaccato una sorgente approximately massless. Il diagramma seguente mostra la velocità del sled lungo il piano inclinato come funzione di Time after release all’estremità superiore del piano inclinato. L’accelerazione dovuta alla gravità è g = 9,81 ms-2. a) Descrivere il movimento del sled usando il grafico. Determina le accelerazioni del sled mentre scivola sul piano. Da questo e da ulteriori informazioni che possono essere lette dal grafico, possono essere ottenute informazioni importanti sul sistema. b) Determinare, almeno approssimativamente, almeno quattro quantitativi che descrivono la configurazione del sistema.

Problem 3 (10 points) Inclined planes A small sled with a mass of 280 g slides down an inclined plane, as sketched below. At the bottom of the inclined plane an approximately massless spring is attached. The following diagram shows the velocity of the sled along the inclined plane as a function of Time after release at the upper end of the inclined plane. The acceleration due to gravity is g = 9.81 ms-2. (a) Describe the motion of the sled using the graph. Determine the accelerations of the sled as it slides on the plane. From this and from further information that can be read off the graph, important information about the system can be obtained. (b) Determine, at least approximately, at least four quantities that describe the setup of the system.

Problem 4 (10 points) Tasty Lens The aim of this problem is the experimental determination of the refractive index of jelly, also called gelatin dessert. To do this, obtain a jelly mix for stirring up and pour the still-liquid jelly mass into a cylindrical, transparent vessel to set. Alternatively, you can also buy a ready-made jelly in a transparent and preferably cylindrical container. The jelly in the vessel forms a cylindrical lens. If you let the light of a light source fall onto the lens from the side, you can produce an image of the light source on a screen on the other side. Using the jelly lens, experimentally determine the refractive index of the jelly. Carry out your measurements several times and estimate the uncertainty of your result. Hints: It is helpful to choose as symmetric an arrangement of the ray path as possible, which allows the use of the lensmaker’s equation for thin lenses. In the case where the thickness of the vessel wall is small compared with the diameter of the lens, you can assume that the vessel is part of the lens. Junior problem (10 points) Strange Reflection The photo alongside shows a house facade and its reflection in a flat water surface. Something about the reflection appears strange, however. Describe what is unexpected about the reflection of the sun. Using a sketch that reproduces the ray paths of the light, explain how the described phenomenon may have come about. The photo can be downloaded in better resolution on the website of the PhysicsOlympiad at www.ipho.info. Example of the experimental material. Photo of the house facade and its mirror image. Sled Spring Not-to-scale sketch of the system consisting of sled, inclined plane and spring. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 $- 1, 0$ $- 0, 5$ 0,0 0,5 1,0 t/s v /(ms $- 1$ ) Velocity of the sled. Register now at www.ipho.info www.ipho.info for the competition! scienceolympiaden.de Show your talent! Students If you are a student, the IPhO and the PhysicsOlympiad in Germany offer you many opportunities to engage intensively with physics questions, to experience physics as an exciting scientific discipline, to test your own limits and not least to get to know interesting people. For the competition rounds there are learning materials and training problems that help you to deepen your knowledge and problem-solving skills. At the seminars you meet many other students enthusiastic about physics. Taking part is therefore worthwhile in any case and regardless of whether you make it into the higher rounds. What matters is taking part. Successfully completing the first round is already a special achievement and a genuine distinction. So, just be brave! Teachers As a teacher, with the problems of the PhysicsOlympiad you can offer a challenge to students who are particularly capable or interested in physics and encourage them to engage more deeply with physics topics. In this way the PhysicsOlympiad can serve as an instrument of individual support. In particular, the problems of the 1st round are suitable not only for the best in a class.

With its varied offerings, the PhysicsOlympiad aims to appeal broadly to interested young people and to inspire them lastingly for the natural sciences. This is served by support offerings such as the Orpheus seminars and the accompanying materials for the 1st round, with which we want to support you in introducing topics of the PhysicsOlympiad. So feel free to encourage your students to take part; for only those who do not take part can lose. Schools Schools can sharpen their profile by encouraging participation in competitions and use them in the sense of an enrichment as a complement to school offerings. Competitions provide varied, differentiated learning environments for participating students. In the area of STEM subjects, the Olympiads, at least in the later rounds, represent a competition aimed at particularly motivated and high-achieving young people. Nevertheless, taking part also in the entry rounds is not only worthwhile, but can also contribute to a lasting motivation for STEM topics. Offerings such as the Orpheus seminars allow the support of a large number of participants. In many federal states, by the way, participation can be recognised as a special learning achievement or specialist/seminar paper of your students for the Abitur. Interested in more than physics? The IPhO is one of the six nationwide scientific student competitions organised by the IPN — the ScienceOlympiads. Besides the selection competitions for the international Olympiads in Biology (IBO), Chemistry (IChO) and Physics (IPhO), these include the International JuniorScienceOlympiad (IJSO), the European ScienceOlympiad (EUSO) as well as the Federal Environment Competition (BUW). Together they address students from the beginning of secondary school until after the end of their school years and, with close networking, offer the possibility of lasting support of scientific abilities and interests. Further information can be found at www.scienceolympiaden.de. Many good reasons to take part in the PhysicsOlympiad Dear students, dear teachers, dear parents, rarely has there been so much talk about research and science as in the past weeks and months. The coronavirus pandemic shows how important they are for society. They contribute to us getting well through this enormous crisis. Already now we owe a great deal to science and research. Mathematics, computer science, natural sciences and technology — Germany as a land of innovation needs citizens who are at home in the STEM subjects. It needs the optimism for progress that emanates precisely from these subjects. That is why we want to inspire even more young people for them. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research is committed to ensuring that they can discover the world of the natural sciences and its possibilities. For example, we support many student and youth competitions. Among them are the scientific competitions, the ScienceOlympiads and the Federal Environment Competition, all of which are organised by the Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education. The success is enormous: every year, nationwide, around 10 000 students from the 5th grade upwards register. Beyond everyday school life they can solve exciting problems and thus discover their talents. In this strenuous year too it is worthwhile to take part in the competitions, even though in-person events are cancelled because of the pandemic and selection rounds take place digitally. Problems, experiments and accompanying materials are available online. They are also interesting for teachers: they find suggestions for teaching — beyond the competition itself. Many experiments can also be carried out at home. I invite all students, their parents and the teachers to discover the ScienceOlympiads and the Federal Environment Competition for themselves. Good luck! And above all: have fun! Anja Karliczek Member of the German Bundestag Federal Minister of Education and Research Dear students, dear parents, dear teachers, supporting the next generation of scientists is a task that concerns us all. Children let

Topic: Geometric Optics Metodi: Snell’s Law, Thin Lens & Mirror Equation, Ray Tracing, Error Propagation Competenze: Experimental Data Analysis, Measurement & Instrumentation, Estimation & Approximation Objects: Lens, Screen Fonte: Testo (PDF) — p.3

Problema 4 (10 punti) Tasty Lens L’obiettivo di questo problema è la determinazione sperimentale dell’indice di refrazione della gelatina, chiamato gelatin dessert. Per fare questo, ottenere un mix di gelatina per stirring up e per il liquido di gelé in una massa cilindrica trasparente

Settiamo il vascello. In alternativa, puoi anche acquistare una gelatina pronta in un trasparente e preferibile contenitore cilindrico. La gelatina nel recipiente forma un cilindrico
Il mio corpo è un’arma. Se lasci che la luce di una fonte di luce cadga sullo schermo da un lato, puoi producono un’immagine della fonte di luce su uno schermo dall’altro lato. Usando la lente di gellia, si determina sperimentalmente l’indice di refraczione del
Jelly. Conduci le tue misurazioni diverse volte e stima l’incertezza del tuo
il risultato. Infine, è utile scegliere un’arrangamento simmetrico del percorso dei raggi il più possibile. che consente di utilizzare l’equazione del produttore di lenti per lenti sottili. In caso in cui lo spessore del muro del recipiente è piccolo rispetto al diametro del lente, puoi Supponiamo che il vaso faccia parte della lente. Problema minore (10 punti) Strange Reflection La foto di fianco mostra una facciata di casa e la sua riflessione in un appartamento superficie acquatica. Qualcosa sulla riflessione sembra strano, tuttavia. Descrivi cosa è inaspettato riguardo alla riflessione del sole. Usando uno sketch che riproduce il Ray Paths of the Light, spiegare come il fenomeno descritto possa essere venuto circa. La foto può essere scaricata in migliore risoluzione sul sito del PhysicsOlympiad a www.ipho.info. Esempio del materiale sperimentale. Foto della facciata della casa e della sua immagine mirror. Sled Salta Sketch non a scala del sistema consistente di sled, inclinato piano e salto. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 $- 1, 0$ $- 0, 5$ 0,0 0,5 1,0 t/s v /(ms $- 1$ ) Velocità del bagliore. Registrare ora a www.ipho.info www.ipho.info per il La concorrenza! sciencesolymppiaden.de Mostra il tuo talento! Studenti Se sei uno studente, L’Ipho e la PhysicsOlympic in Germania offrono molti Opportunità per impegnarsi intensamente con le domande di fisica, per sperimentare la fisica come un’eccitante disciplina scientifica, per testare i propri limiti e Non ultimo per conoscere interessante
La gente. Per i round di competizione ci sono materiali di apprendimento e problemi di formazione che ti aiuteranno a approfondire le tue conoscenze e capacità di risoluzione dei problemi. Ai seminari incontrerai molti altri studenti entusiasti di fisica. Prendendo Il part is therefore worthwhile in any caso e indipendentemente dal fatto che tu
E’ il mio primo piano. Quello che conta è prendere parte. Successfully completando il primo Round è già un’impresa speciale e una vera distinzione. Allora, be brave! Docenti Come insegnante, con i problemi della PhysicsOlympiad puoi offrire una sfida a studenti che sono particolarmente capace o interessato In fisica e incoraggiarli a impegnarsi più in profondità con argomenti di fisica. In questo modo la PhysicsOlympiad può Serve come strumento di sostegno individuale. In particolare, i problemi dei 1st round are suitable not only for Il migliore di una classe.

Con le sue offerte variate, il PhysicsOlympiad si propone di rivolgere un’appello molto ampio agli interessati giovani e ispirarli per le scienze naturali. Questo è servito da offerte di supporto come i seminari Orpheus e i materiali che accompagnano il primo round, con cui vogliamo supportarti nell’introduzione

E’ un’occasione per i nostri studenti. Quindi sentitevi liberi di incoraggiare i vostri studenti per il Solo chi non partecipa può perdere. Scuole Le scuole possono aumentare il loro profilo incoraggiando Partecipazione a competizioni e usarli nel senso di un’enrichment as a complement to school offerte. Le competizioni sono varie, ambienti di apprendimento differenziati per gli studenti partecipanti. In questo settore, la Le Olimpiadi, almeno in seguito La competizione è stata organizzata in un gruppo di persone motivate. e giovani di alto livello. Tuttavia, Prendere parte anche ai round di entrata non solo vale la pena, ma può anche contribuire a una duratura motivazione per i temi STEM. Offerte come i seminari di Orpheus consent the support of a Numero di partecipanti. In molti stati federali, comunque, la partecipazione può essere riconosciuto come un special learning achievement o specialist/seminar paper of your studenti per il corso di laurea. Interessato a più
che la fisica? L’IPhO è uno dei sei concorsi scientifici di studenti nazionali organizzati dall’IPN il Scienza olimpiadi. Oltre alla selezione Competitions for the International Olimpiadi in biologia (IBO), chimica (IChO) e fisica (IPhO), questi includono La Commissione ha inoltre adottato una proposta di regolamento (CE) n. Concorso federale per l’ambiente (BUW). Insieme si indirizzano studenti dall’inizio di scuola secondaria fino a dopo la fine di anni scolastici e, con La rete, offrono la possibilità di sostenere duratamente le capacità e gli interessi scientifici. Ulteriori informazioni sono disponibili a: www.scienceolympiaden.de Molti buoni motivi per partecipare al PhysicsOlympiad Cari studenti, cari insegnanti, Cari genitori, Raramente si parla tanto di ricerca e scienza come nelle ultime settimane e mesi. Il La pandemia di coronavirus mostra quanto siano importanti per la società. Contribuiscono a farci guarire attraverso questo enorme
Crisi. Già ora dobbiamo molto alla scienza e alla ricerca. Matematica, informatica, scienze naturali e tecnologia La Germania come paese di innovazione ha bisogno di cittadini che sono a casa nei soggetti STEM. - Ha bisogno di L’ottimismo per il progresso che emana proprio da questi soggetti. Ecco perché vogliamo ispirare ancora più giovani per loro. Il Ministero federale dell’istruzione e della ricerca è impegnato a garantire che possano scoprire il mondo delle scienze naturali e le sue possibilità. Per esempio, noi sosteniamo Numerosi concorsi di studenti e giovani. Tra loro sono le competizioni scientifiche, le ScienceOlympiads e il Federal Environment Competition, tutte organizzate L’Istituto Leibniz per l’educazione alla scienza e alla matematica. Il successo è enorme: ogni anno, a livello nazionale, circa 10.000 studenti dal quinto grado al rialzo. Al di là della vita scolastica quotidiana che possono risolvere problemi eccitanti e così scoprire i loro talenti. In questo anno strenuoso anche vale la pena di prendere parte al le competizioni, anche se in-person sono cancellate a causa della pandemia e dei round di selezione Prendendo posto digitalmente. I problemi, gli esperimenti e i materiali che accompagnano sono disponibili online. Sono anche interessanti per gli insegnanti: si trovano suggerimenti per l’insegnamento oltre la concorrenza stessa. Numerosi esperimenti La ricerca è stata condotta in modo che la ricerca possa essere effettuata a casa. Invito tutti gli studenti, i loro genitori e il I ricercatori hanno anche chiesto di dare un’occhiata ai ricercatori e ai loro insegnanti per scoprire le ScienzeOlimpiade e La competizione federale per l’ambiente per se stessi.
Buona fortuna! E soprattutto: divertiti! Anja Karliczek Membro del Bundestag tedesco Ministro federale dell’istruzione e della ricerca Cari studenti, cari genitori, Cari insegnanti, supporting the next generation of scientists è Un compito che riguarda tutti noi. I bambini

Problem 4 (10 points) Tasty Lens The aim of this problem is the experimental determination of the refractive index of jelly, Also called gelatin dessert. To do this, get a jelly mix for stirring up and pour the still-liquid jelly mass into a cylindrical, transparent vessel to set. Alternatively, you can also buy a ready-made jelly in a transparent and preferably cylindrical container. The jelly in the vessel forms a cylindrical I’m not going to be able to see it. If you let the light of a light source fall onto the lens from the side, you can produce an image of the light source on a screen on the other side. Using the jelly lens, experimentally determine the refractive index of the Jelly. Carry out your measurements several times and estimate the uncertainty of your The result. It’s helpful to choose as symmetrical an arrangement of the ray path as possible, which allows the use of the lensmaker’s equation for thin lenses. In the case where the thickness of the vessel wall is small compared to the diameter of the lens, you can Assume that the vessel is part of the lens. The first is the ‘Junior Problem’ (10 points). Strange reflection The photo alongside shows a house facade and its reflection in a flat water surface. Something about the reflection seems strange, however. Describe what is unexpected about the reflection of the sun. Using a sketch that reproduces the Ray paths of light, explain how the described phenomenon may have come about. The photo can be downloaded in better resolution on the website of the PhysicsOlympiad at www.ipho.info. Example of experimental material. Photo of the house facade and its mirror image. Other, of a kind used for the manufacture of goods Jump Not-to-scale sketch of the system consisting of sled, inclined plane and spring. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 $- 1, 0$ $- 0, 5$ 0,0 0,5 1,0 t/s v /(ms $- 1$ ) Speed of the sled. Register now at The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment. The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the protection of the environment. for the Competition! The European Commission has also adopted a proposal for a directive on the protection of the environment. Show your talent! The students If you are a student, The IPhO and the PhysicsOlympic in Germany offer you many opportunities to engage intensively with physics questions, to experience physics as an exciting scientific discipline, to test your own limits and Not least to get to know interesting People. For the competition rounds there are learning materials and training problems that help you to deepen your knowledge and problem-solving skills. At the seminars you meet many other students enthusiastic about physics. Taking Part is therefore worthwhile in any case and regardless of whether you Make it into the higher rounds. What matters is taking part. Successfully completing the first Round is already a special achievement and a genuine distinction. So, just be brave! Teachers As a teacher, with the problems of the PhysicsOlympiad you can offer a challenge to students who are particularly capable or interested In physics and encourage them to engage more deeply with physics topics. In this way the PhysicsOlympiad can serve as an instrument of individual support. In particular, the problems of the 1st round are suitable not only for The best in a class.

With its varied offerings, the PhysicsOlympiad aims to appeal broadly to interested young people and to inspire them Lastingly for the natural sciences. This is served by support offerings such as the Orpheus seminars and the accompanying materials for the 1st round, with which we want to support you in introducing The first is the topic of the PhysicsOlympic. So feel free to encourage your students to take part; for Only those who do not take part can lose. Schools Schools can sharpen their profile by encouraging Participation in competitions and use them in the sense of Enrichment as a complement to school The Commission will take the necessary measures to ensure that the Commission is able to take all necessary measures. Competitions provide varied, differentiated learning environments for participating students. In the area of STEM subjects, the The Olympic Games, at least in the later The main objective of the competition is to promote the development of a new approach to the and high achieving young people. Nevertheless, Taking part in the entry rounds is not only worthwhile, but can also contribute to a lasting The aim of this study is to provide a framework for the study of the impact of STEM on the environment. Offerings such as the Orpheus seminars allow the support of a large number of participants. In many federal states, by the way, participation can be recognised as a special learning achievement or specialist/seminar paper of your students for the Abitur. Interested in more than physics? The IPhO is one of six national scientific student competitions organised by the IPN the The science olympics. Besides the selection Competitions for the international The European Commission has also adopted a number of proposals for the European Parliament and the Council. (IChO) and Physics (IPhO), these include The European Science Olympiad (EUSO) and the International Junior Science Olympiad (IJSO) are also participating in the European Science Olympiad. The Federal Environment Competition (BUW). Together they address Students from the beginning of secondary school until after the end of their school years and, with close networking, offer the possibility of The Commission will also be able to provide a comprehensive and comprehensive assessment of the impact of the new technologies on the environment. Further information can be found at The Commission has also adopted a proposal for a regulation on the implementation of the European Community’s programme for the prevention of pollution caused by pollution. Many good reasons to take part in the PhysicsOlympiad Dear students, dear teachers, Dear parents, Rarely has there been as much talk about research and science as in the past weeks and months. The The coronavirus pandemic shows how important they are to society. They contribute to us getting well through this enormous The crisis. Already now we owe a lot to science and research. Mathematics, computer science, natural sciences and technology Germany as a country of innovation needs citizens who are at home in the STEM subjects. It needs The optimism for progress that emanates precisely from these subjects. That’s why we want to inspire even more young people for them. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research is committed to ensuring that they can discover the world of the natural sciences and its possibilities. For example, we support Many student and youth competitions. Among them The scientific competitions, the ScienceOlympiads and the Federal Environment Competition, all of which are organised by the The study was conducted by the Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education. The success is enormous: Every year, nationwide, about 10,000 students from the fifth grade upwards register. Beyond everyday school life they can solve exciting problems and thus discover their talents. In this strenuous year too it is worthwhile to take part in the Competitions, even though in-person events are cancelled because of the pandemic and selection rounds Take place digitally. Problems, experiments and accompanying materials are available online. They are also interesting for teachers: they find suggestions for teaching beyond the competition itself. Many experiments The Commission has also proposed that the Commission should be able to take the necessary measures to ensure that the measures are implemented in a timely manner. I invite all students, their parents and the teachers to discover the ScienceOlympics and The Federal Environmental Competition for themselves. Good luck with that! And above all, have fun! The Commission shall adopt implementing acts in accordance with Article 21 of this Regulation. Member of the German Bundestag Federal Minister for Education and Research Dear students, dear parents, Dear teachers, supporting the next generation of scientists is A task that concerns us all. Children are

Raccolta Gare di Fisica

Esplora

IPhO 2022

Vista grafico